Here, I review the mechanisms of this exogenous trait acquisition and highlight some of their repercussions and usefulness for natural resource management, industry, and human health. Many species endure natural selection not with the traits they possess intrinsically but with exogenous substances and abilities that they acquire from other species, via ecological interactions akin to outsourcing, pillaging, and fraud. Though these traits are often innate features (ones that may or may not exhibit variability in response to environmental cues or originate from horizontal gene transfer), this is not always the case. Solid blue arrows denote direct positive () and negative (-) interspecific effects, while dashed arrows represent indirect effects. Here, the influence of the sea star benefits the wrasse in terms of one or more of the phases of consumption (shown on the left) in return for a portion of the kill. Received: 18 December 2020 Revised: 30 December 2020 Accepted: 4 January 2021 Published: 8 January 2021. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI.Īcquisition of Adaptive Traits via Interspecific Association: Ecological Consequences and Applications.
Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine (OHBM). Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity (JOItmC).
International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). Sapne me milti hai o kudi meri mp3Įuropean Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE). Please note that many of the page functionalities wont work as expected without javascript enabled.
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